Turner HH. A syndrome of infantilism, congenital webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. Endocrinology. 1938. 23:566-574.
[Guideline] Donaldson MD, Gault EJ, Tan KW, Dunger DB. Optimising management in Turner syndrome: from infancy to adult transfer. Arch Dis Child. 2006 Jun. 91(6):513-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lyon AJ, Preece MA, Grant DB. Growth curve for girls with Turner syndrome. Arch Dis Child. 1985 Oct. 60(10):932-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sculerati N, Ledesma-Medina J, Finegold DN, Stool SE. Otitis media and hearing loss in Turner syndrome. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990 Jun. 116(6):704-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Natowicz M, Kelley RI. Association of Turner syndrome with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome. Am J Dis Child. 1987 Feb. 141(2):218-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Pai GS, Leach DC, Weiss L, Wolf C, Van Dyke DL. Thyroid abnormalities in 20 children with Turner syndrome. J Pediatr. 1977 Aug. 91(2):267-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Alpman A, Cogulu O, Akgul M, et al. Prenatally Diagnosed Turner Syndrome and Cystic Hygroma: Incidence and Reasons for Referrals. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2008 Mar 12. 25(1):58-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Carr RF, Ochs RH, Ritter DA, Kenny JD, Fridey JL, Ming PM. Fetal cystic hygroma and Turner's syndrome. Am J Dis Child. 1986 Jun. 140(6):580-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gil MM, Quezada MS, Revello R, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Analysis of cell-free DNA in maternal blood in screening for fetal aneuploidies: updated meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Mar. 45 (3):249-66. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Davenport ML. Approach to the patient with Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr. 95(4):1487-95. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Bondy CA. Care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: A guideline of the Turner Syndrome Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jan. 92(1):10-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Conte FA, Grumbach MM, Kaplan SL. A diphasic pattern of gonadotropin secretion in patients with the syndrome of gonadal dysgenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975 Apr. 40(4):670-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Gravholt CH, Andersen NH, Conway GS. Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: proceedings from the 2016 Cincinnati International Turner Syndrome Meeting. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2017. 177:3:G1- G70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Elsheikh M, Conway GS, Wass JA. Medical problems in adult women with Turner's syndrome. Ann Med. 1999 Apr. 31(2):99-105. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Davenport ML, Crowe BJ, Travers SH, Rubin K, Ross JL, Fechner PY, et al. Growth hormone treatment of early growth failure in toddlers with Turner syndrome: a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Sep. 92(9):3406-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Backeljauw P. Does growth hormone therapy before 4 years of age enhance the linear growth of girls with Turner's syndrome?. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Feb. 4(2):78-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bolar K, Hoffman AR, Maneatis T, Lippe B. Long-term safety of recombinant human growth hormone in turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Feb. 93(2):344-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bannink EM, van der Palen RL, Mulder PG, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM. Long-term follow-up of GH-treated girls with Turner syndrome: metabolic consequences. Horm Res. 2009. 71(6):343-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Elfving M, Wikland KA, Norjavaara E. Nocturnal application of transdermal estradiol patches produces levels of estradiol that mimic those seen at the onset of spontaneous puberty in girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Jul. 86(7):3039-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zuckerman-Levin N, Frolova-Bishara T, Militianu D, Levin M, Aharon-Peretz J, Hochberg Z. Androgen replacement therapy in Turner syndrome: a pilot study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec. 94(12):4820-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Morgan T. Turner syndrome: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Aug 1. 76 (3):405-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Donadille B, Rousseau A, Zenaty D, Cabrol S, Courtillot C, Samara-Boustani D, et al. CARDIOVASCULAR FINDINGS AND MANAGEMENT IN TURNER SYNDROME: INSIGHTS FROM A FRENCH COHORT. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012 Jul 16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Jorgensen KT, Rostgaard K, Bache I, et al. Autoimmune diseases in women with Turner's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Mar. 62(3):658-66. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Heinrichs C, Bourdoux P, Saussez C, Vis HL, Bourguignon JP. Blood spot follicle-stimulating hormone during early postnatal life in normal girls and Turner's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Apr. 78(4):978-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Stephure DK. Impact of growth hormone supplementation on adult height in turner syndrome: results of the Canadian randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jun. 90(6):3360-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bender B, Puck M, Salbenblatt J, Robinson A. Cognitive development of unselected girls with complete and partial X monosomy. Pediatrics. 1984 Feb. 73(2):175-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gould HN, Bakalov VK, Tankersley C, Bondy CA. High levels of education and employment among women with turner syndrome. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2013 Mar. 22(3):230-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Price WH, Clayton JF, Collyer S, De Mey R, Wilson J. Mortality ratios, life expectancy, and causes of death in patients with Turner's syndrome. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1986 Jun. 40(2):97-102. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Foudila T, Soderström-Anttila V, Hovatta O. Turner's syndrome and pregnancies after oocyte donation. Hum Reprod. 1999 Feb. 14(2):532-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Ross JL, Quigley CA, Cao D, Feuillan P, Kowal K, Chipman JJ. Growth hormone plus childhood low-dose estrogen in Turner's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011 Mar 31. 364(13):1230-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Illig R, Tolksdorf M, Mürset G, Prader A. LH and FSH response to synthetic LH-RH in children and adolescents with Turner's and Klinefelter's syndrome. Helv Paediatr Acta. 1975 Oct. 30(3):221-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Samarakoon L, Sirisena ND, Wettasinghe KT, Kariyawasam KW, Jayasekara RW, Dissanayake VH. Prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in Sri Lankan women with primary amenorrhea. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012 Dec 21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Frias JL, Davenport ML. Health supervision for children with Turner syndrome. Pediatrics. 2003 Mar. 111(3):692-702. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rao E, Weiss B, Fukami M, Rump A, Niesler B, Mertz A. Pseudoautosomal deletions encompassing a novel homeobox gene cause growth failure in idiopathic short stature and Turner syndrome. Nat Genet. 1997 May. 16(1):54-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bianco B, Lipay MV, Melaragno MI, Guedes AD, Verreschi IT. Detection of hidden Y mosaicism in Turner's syndrome: importance in the prevention of gonadoblastoma. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep. 19(9):1113-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Birdsall M, Kennedy S. The risk of aortic dissection in women with Turner syndrome. Hum Reprod. 1996 Jul. 11(7):1587. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Nadeem M, Roche EF. Bone health in children and adolescent with Turner syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2012. 25(9-10):823-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ross JL, Quigley CA, Cao D, Feuillan P, Kowal K, Chipman JJ, et al. Growth hormone plus childhood low-dose estrogen in Turner's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011 Mar 31. 364(13):1230-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hong DS, Dunkin B, Reiss AL. Psychosocial functioning and social cognitive processing in girls with turner syndrome. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2011 Sep. 32(7):512-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].