Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Questions & Answers

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2. Bhesania N, Cresci GAM. A nutritional approach for managing irritable bowel syndrome. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2017 Oct. 29(5):584-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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4. Catassi C, Alaedini A, Bojarski C, et al. The overlapping area of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) and wheat-sensitive irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): an update. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 21. 9(11):1268. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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6. Levy RL, Jones KR, Whitehead WE, Feld SI, Talley NJ, Corey LA. Irritable bowel syndrome in twins: heredity and social learning both contribute to etiology. Gastroenterology. 2001 Oct. 121(4):799-804. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Bengtson MB, Ronning T, Vatn MH, Harris JR. Irritable bowel syndrome in twins: genes and environment. Gut. 2006 Dec. 55(12):1754-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Lembo A, Zaman M, Jones M, Talley NJ. Influence of genetics on irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux and dyspepsia: a twin study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Jun 1. 25(11):1343-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Saito YA, Zimmerman JM, Harmsen WS, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome aggregates strongly in families: a family-based case-control study. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2008 Jul. 20(7):790-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Levy RL, Whitehead WE, Von Korff MR, Feld AD. Intergenerational transmission of gastrointestinal illness behavior. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Feb. 95(2):451-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Pace F, Zuin G, Di Giacomo S, et al. Family history of irritable bowel syndrome is the major determinant of persistent abdominal complaints in young adults with a history of pediatric recurrent abdominal pain. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Jun 28. 12(24):3874-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

12. Saito YA, Talley NJ. Genetics of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Aug. 103(8):2100-4; quiz 2105. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Hotoleanu C, Popp R, Trifa AP, Nedelcu L, Dumitrascu DL. Genetic determination of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Nov 21. 14(43):6636-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Park CS, Uhm JH. Polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene and G-Protein β3 subunit gene in Korean children with irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. Gut Liver. 2012 Apr. 6(2):223-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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16. Vich Vila A, Imhann F, Collij V, et al. Gut microbiota composition and functional changes in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Sci Transl Med. 2018 Dec 19. 10(472):eaap8914. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

17. Nwosu BU, Maranda L, Candela N. Vitamin D status in pediatric irritable bowel syndrome. PLoS One. 2017. 12(2):e0172183. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

18. Atkinson W, Sheldon TA, Shaath N, Whorwell PJ. Food elimination based on IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2004 Oct. 53(10):1459-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Waters AM, Schilpzand E, Bell C, Walker LS, Baber K. Functional gastrointestinal symptoms in children with anxiety disorders. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013 Jan. 41(1):151-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Saps M, Pensabene L, Di Martino L, et al. Post-infectious functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. J Pediatr. 2008 Jun. 152(6):812-6, 816.e1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Pimentel M, Chow EJ, Lin HC. Normalization of lactulose breath testing correlates with symptom improvement in irritable bowel syndrome. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Feb. 98(2):412-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Hyams JS, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M, Shulman RJ, Staiano A, van Tilburg M. Functional disorders: children and adolescents. Gastroenterology. 2016 May 1. 150(6):1456-68. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Adeniyi OF, Adenike Lesi O, Olatona FA, Esezobor CI, Ikobah JM. Irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents in Lagos. Pan Afr Med J. 2017. 28:93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

24. Waugh N, Cummins E, Royle P, et al. Faecal calprotectin testing for differentiating amongst inflammatory and non-inflammatory bowel diseases: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2013 Nov. 17(55):xv-xix, 1-211. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

25. Vlieger AM, Rutten JM, Govers AM, Frankenhuis C, Benninga MA. Long-term follow-up of gut-directed hypnotherapy vs. standard care in children with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 Apr. 107(4):627-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Francavilla R, Miniello V, Magista AM, et al. A randomized controlled trial of Lactobacillus GG in children with functional abdominal pain. Pediatrics. 2010 Dec. 126(6):e1445-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Santucci NR, King C, El-Chammas KI, et al. Effect of percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation on mechanosensitivity, sleep, and psychological comorbidities in adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2022 Mar 16. e14358. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Krasaelap A, Sood MR, Li BUK, et al. Efficacy of auricular neurostimulation in adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome in a randomized, double-blind trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Aug. 18(9):1987-94.e2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Simons M, Taft TH, Doerfler B, et al. Narrative review: Risk of eating disorders and nutritional deficiencies with dietary therapies for irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2022 Jan. 34(1):e14188. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Hojsak I, Benninga MA, Hauser B, et al. Benefits of dietary fibre for children in health and disease. Arch Dis Child. 2022 Mar 11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

31. Halmos EP, Power VA, Shepherd SJ, Gibson PR, Muir JG. A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan. 146(1):67-75.e5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Strozyk A, Horvath A, Szajewska H. FODMAP dietary restrictions in the management of children with functional abdominal pain disorders: a systematic review. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2022 Mar 1. e14345. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. [Guideline] Vasant DH, Paine PA, Black CJ, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2021 Jul. 70(7):1214-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

34. Saps M, Youssef N, Miranda A, et al. Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of amitriptyline in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2009 Oct. 137(4):1261-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

35. Black CJ, Burr NE, Quigley EMM, Moayyedi P, Houghton LA, Ford AC. Efficacy of secretagogues in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Dec. 155(6):1753-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Hyman PE, Di Lorenzo C, Prestridge LL, Youssef NN, Ueno R. Lubiprostone for the treatment of functional constipation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Mar. 58(3):283-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent. Gastroenterology. 2006 Apr. 130(5):1527-37. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

38. Poynard T, Regimbeau C, Benhamou Y. Meta-analysis of smooth muscle relaxants in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Mar. 15(3):355-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. [Guideline] University of Texas, School of Nursing, Family Nurse Practitioner Program. The efficacy of antidepressants and various psychotherapies as adjunctive treatments for irritable bowel syndrome. Austin (TX): University of Texas, School of Nursing; 2006 May. 16 p. [20 references].

40. [Guideline] American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Chronic Abdominal Pain. Chronic abdominal pain in children. Pediatrics. 2005 Mar. 115(3):812-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Camilleri M. Review article: clinical evidence to support current therapies of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999 May. 13(suppl 2):48-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

42. Camilleri M, Choi MG. Review article: irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1997 Feb. 11(1):3-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Croffie JM, Fitzgerald JF, Chong SK. Recurrent abdominal pain in children--a retrospective study of outcome in a group referred to a pediatric gastroenterology practice. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2000 May. 39(5):267-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Drossman DA. Review article: an integrated approach to the irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999 May. 13(suppl 2):3-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

45. [Guideline] Drossman DA, Whitehead WE, Camilleri M. Irritable bowel syndrome: a technical review for practice guideline development. Gastroenterology. 1997 Jun. 112(6):2120-37. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Hasler WL, Owyang C. Irritable bowel syndrome. In: Yamada T, Alpers DH, Laine L, et al, eds. Textbook of Gastroenterology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1999. 1884-909.

47. Hyams JS. Functional gastrointestinal disorders. Curr Opin Pediatr. 1999 Oct. 11(5):375-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Hyams JS. Recurrent abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997. 25 Suppl 1:S16-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Hyams JS, Hyman PE. Recurrent abdominal pain and the biopsychosocial model of medical practice. J Pediatr. 1998 Oct. 133(4):473-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Hyams JS, Hyman PE, Rasquin-Weber A. Childhood recurrent abdominal pain and subsequent adult irritable bowel syndrome. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1999 Oct. 20(5):318-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Hyams JS, Treem WR, Justinich CJ, et al. Characterization of symptoms in children with recurrent abdominal pain: resemblance to irritable bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1995 Feb. 20(2):209-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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56. Pimentel M, Chow EJ, Lin HC. Eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Dec. 95(12):3503-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

57. Poynard T, Naveau S, Mory B, Chaput JC. Meta-analysis of smooth muscle relaxants in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Oct. 8(5):499-510. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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59. Ruigomez A, Wallander MA, Johansson S, et al. One-year follow-up of newly diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Aug. 13(8):1097-102. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

60. Spiller R, Campbell E. Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2006 Jan. 22(1):13-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

61. Spiller RC. Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2003 May. 124(6):1662-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

62. Spiller RC, Jenkins D, Thornley JP, et al. Increased rectal mucosal enteroendocrine cells, T lymphocytes, and increased gut permeability following acute Campylobacter enteritis and in post-dysenteric irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2000 Dec. 47(6):804-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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Mohammad F El-Baba, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Central Michigan University College of Medicine; Division Chief of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Michigan

Mohammad F El-Baba, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association, North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

David A Piccoli, MD Chief of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Professor, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

David A Piccoli, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American Gastroenterological Association, North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Carmen Cuffari, MD Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology/Nutrition, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Carmen Cuffari, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Disclosure: Received honoraria from Prometheus Laboratories for speaking and teaching; Received honoraria from Abbott Nutritionals for speaking and teaching. for: Abbott Nutritional, Abbvie, speakers' bureau.

Hisham Nazer, MBBCh, FRCP, DTM&H Professor of Pediatrics, Consultant in Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University of Jordan Faculty of Medicine, Jordan

Hisham Nazer, MBBCh, FRCP, DTM&H is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Physician Leadership, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of the United Kingdom

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Salman Salman 

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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