Overview
What is the functional biology of fungi relevant to mold allergy?
How is the prevalence of fungi in the air assessed and at what level do spores cause mold allergies?
Which fungal species cause allergies in humans?
What is the pathophysiology of mold-related allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis?
What is the pathophysiology of mold-related allergic asthma?
What is the pathophysiology of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
What is the immunologic evolution of mold allergy?
What are the determinants of mold allergy?
Which pathogen-derived products may be therapeutic for mold allergy?
What has been learned from animal models of mold allergic airway diseases?
What is the pathophysiology of mold-related allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)?
What is the pathophysiology of mold-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)?
What is the pathophysiology of mold-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP)?
What is the prevalence of mold allergies in the US?
What is the global prevalence of mold allergies?
What is the mortality and morbidity associated with mold allergy?
What are the racial predilections of mold allergy?
What are the sexual predilections of mold allergy?
Which age groups have the highest prevalence of mold allergy?
Presentation
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of mold-related allergic asthma?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
Which mold-related allergic fungal diseases have been reported in case studies?
Which physical findings are characteristic of mold allergy?
Which physical findings are characteristic of mold-related allergic asthma?
Which physical findings are characteristic of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
Which physical findings are characteristic of mold-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)?
DDX
Which conditions are included in the differential diagnoses of mold allergy?
What are the differential diagnoses for Mold Allergy?
Workup
What is the role of skin testing in the workup of mold-related allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis?
Which lab studies are used in the diagnosis of mold allergy?
What is the role of PFTs in the workup of mold-related allergic asthma?
What is the role of nasal cytology in the workup of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
What is the role of fungal culture in the workup of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
What is the role of precipitin test in the workup of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
What is the role of skin testing in the workup of mold-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)?
How is disease activity monitored in mold-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)?
What is the role of imaging studies in the workup of mold- related allergic asthma?
What is the role of imaging studies in the workup of mold- related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
What is the role of imaging studies in the workup of mold- related extrinsic allergic alveolitis?
What is the role of PFTs in the workup of mold allergy?
What is the role of BAL in the workup of mold allergy?
What is the role of rhinoscopy in the workup of mold allergy?
What is the role of bronchoscopy in the workup of mold allergy?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of mold-related allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of mold-related allergic asthma?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of mold-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)?
How is mold-related allergic asthma staged?
How are mold allergies staged?
How are mold-related allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis staged?
How is mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) staged?
How is mold-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) staged?
Treatment
How are mold allergies treated?
What is the role of drug treatment for mold allergy?
What is the role of medications in the treatment of mold-related allergic asthma?
What is the role of medications in the treatment of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
What is the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of mold allergy?
What is the role of surgery in the treatment of mold allergy?
Which specialist consultations are beneficial to patients with mold allergy?
Which dietary modifications are used in the treatment of mold allergy?
Which activity modifications are used in the treatment of mold allergy?
Medications
What is the role of medications in mold allergy treatment?
Which medications in the drug class Monoclonal antibodies are used in the treatment of Mold Allergy?
Which medications in the drug class Mast-cell stabilizers are used in the treatment of Mold Allergy?
Which medications in the drug class Antihistamines, oral are used in the treatment of Mold Allergy?
Follow-up
What is included in the monitoring of mold-related allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis?
What is included in the monitoring of mold-related allergic asthma?
What is included in the monitoring of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
What is included in the monitoring of mold-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)?
When is inpatient care indicated in the treatment of mold-related allergic asthma?
When is inpatient care indicated in the treatment of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
Which medications are used in the treatment of mold allergies?
Which medications are used in the treatment of mold-related allergic rhinitis?
Which medications are used in the treatment of mold-related allergic conjunctivitis?
Which medications are used in the treatment of mold-related allergic asthma?
Which medications are used in the treatment of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
Which medications are used in the treatment of mold-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)?
When is patient transfer considered for the treatment of mold allergies?
How are mold allergies prevented?
What are the possible complications of mold-related allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis?
What are the possible complications of mold-related allergic asthma?
What are the possible complications of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
What are the possible complications of mold-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)?
What is the prognosis of mold-related allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis?
What is the prognosis of mold-related allergic asthma?
What is the prognosis of mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
What is the prognosis of mold-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)?
What is included in patient education about mold allergy?
What is included in patient education about mold-related allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis?
What is included in patient education about mold-related allergic asthma?
What is included in patient education about mold-related allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS)?
What is included in patient education about mold-related extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)?
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Aspergillus.
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Alternaria alternata.
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Bathrooms are favorite habitats for mold.
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Moisture is trapped in the wall behind a vinyl wall covering.
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Large amounts of moisture support fungal growth, as is the case with this dry wall covering.
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Fungi collected from a spore sampler found in a cubic meter of air.
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Glues can collect mold.
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Soapy shower doors collect fungi.
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Wet drywall collects mold.
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Wall coverings can pucker because of mold.
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Bipolaris.
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Cladosporium (Hormodendrum).
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Curvularia.
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Dreschlera (Helminthosporium).
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Epicoccum.
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Penicillium.
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Penicillium.
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Stachybotrys.
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Rhizopus.
Tables
What would you like to print?
- Overview
- Presentation
- DDx
- Workup
- Treatment
- Medication
- Medication Summary
- Antihistamines, oral
- Antihistamines with decongestants, oral
- Antihistamine nasal sprays
- Mast-cell stabilizers
- Antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer eye drops
- Corticosteroid nasal sprays
- Corticosteroid oral inhalers
- Bronchodilators, short term
- Inhaled long-acting bronchodilator/corticosteroid combinations
- Systemic corticosteroids
- Leukotriene antagonists/5-lipoxygenase inhibitors
- Theophylline derivatives
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Anticholinergic nasal sprays and oral inhalers
- Show All
- Follow-up
- Questions & Answers
- Media Gallery
- References