Sympathomimetic Toxicity Differential Diagnoses

1. Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Beuhler MC, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, Dibert KW, et al. 2019 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 37th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020 Dec. 58 (12):1360-1541. [Medline]. [Full Text].

2. Swanson SM, Sise CB, Sise MJ, Sack DI, Holbrook TL, Paci GM. The scourge of methamphetamine: impact on a level I trauma center. J Trauma. 2007 Sep. 63(3):531-7. [Medline].

3. Drug Enforcement Administration. 2019 Drug Enforcement Administration National Drug Threat Assessment. DEA.gov. Available at https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-01/2019-NDTA-final-01-14-2020_Low_Web-DIR-007-20_2019.pdf. December 2019; Accessed: January 9, 2021.

4. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2020: Booklet 1. United Nations; June 2020. 17-18. [Full Text].

5. Baumann MH, Bukhari MO, Lehner KR, Anizan S, Rice KC, Concheiro M, et al. Neuropharmacology of 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), Its Metabolites, and Related Analogs. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2017. 32:93-117. [Medline]. [Full Text].

6. Karila L, Megarbane B, Cottencin O, Lejoyeux M. Synthetic cathinones: a new public health problem. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2015 Jan. 13 (1):12-20. [Medline]. [Full Text].

7. O'Connor AD, Padilla-Jones A, Gerkin RD, Levine M. Prevalence of Rhabdomyolysis in Sympathomimetic Toxicity: a Comparison of Stimulants. J Med Toxicol. 2015 Jun. 11 (2):195-200. [Medline]. [Full Text].

8. Mansoor K, Kheetan M, Shahnawaz S, Shapiro AP, Patton-Tackett E, Dial L, et al. Systematic review of nephrotoxicity of drugs of abuse, 2005-2016. BMC Nephrol. 2017 Dec 29. 18 (1):379. [Medline]. [Full Text].

9. Wright J, Kenneally ME, Edwards JW, Walker GS. Adverse Health Effects Associated with Living in a Former Methamphetamine Drug Laboratory - Victoria, Australia, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Jan 6. 65 (52):1470-1473. [Medline]. [Full Text].

10. Schwartz BG, Rezkalla S, Kloner RA. Cardiovascular effects of cocaine. Circulation. 2010 Dec 14. 122(24):2558-69. [Medline].

11. Moritz ML, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Ayus JC. Ecstacy-associated hyponatermia: why are women at risk?. Nephrol Dial Transplant. Sep 2013. 28 (9):2206-2209. [Medline].

12. Caffrey CR, Lank PM. When good times go bad: managing 'legal high' complications in the emergency department. Open Access Emerg Med. 2018. 10:9-23. [Medline]. [Full Text].

13. Wood DM, Davies S, Greene SL, Button J, Holt DW, Ramsey J, et al. Case series of individuals with analytically confirmed acute mephedrone toxicity. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2010 Nov. 48(9):924-7. [Medline].

14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergency department visits after use of a drug sold as "bath salts" --- michigan, november 13, 2010--march 31, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 May 20. 60(19):624-7. [Medline].

15. Budisavljevic MN, Stewart L, Sahn SA. Hyponatremia associated with 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine ("Ecstasy") abuse. Am J Med Sci. 2003 Aug. 326(2):89-93. [Medline].

16. Synthetic Cathinones ("Bath Salts") DrugFacts. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Available at https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/synthetic-cathinones-bath-salts. July 2020; Accessed: January 4, 2021.

Paul Kolecki, MD, FACEP Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Director of Undergraduate Emergency Medicine Student Education, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Consultant, Philadelphia Poison Control Center

Paul Kolecki, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Emergency Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

John T VanDeVoort, PharmD Regional Director of Pharmacy, Sacred Heart and St Joseph's Hospitals

John T VanDeVoort, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Fred Harchelroad, MD, FACMT, FAAEM, FACEP Attending Physician in Emergency Medicine and Medical Toxicology, Excela Health System

Fred Harchelroad, MD, FACMT, FAAEM, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Medical Toxicology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Asim Tarabar, MD Assistant Professor, Director, Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mark S Slabinski, MD, FACEP, FAAEM Vice President, USACS Central

Mark S Slabinski, MD, FACEP, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Ohio State Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article