Ankle Arthrocentesis Questions & Answers

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2. Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Diagnostic and therapeutic injection of the ankle and foot. Am Fam Physician. 2003 Oct 1. 68 (7):1356-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

3. Lenhard A, Moallem M, Marrie RA, Becker J, Garland A. An intervention to improve procedure education for internal medicine residents. J Gen Intern Med. 2008 Mar. 23 (3):288-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Sack K. Monarthritis: differential diagnosis. Am J Med. 1997 Jan 27. 102 (1A):30S-34S. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Margaretten ME, Kohlwes J, Moore D, Bent S. Does this adult patient have septic arthritis?. JAMA. 2007 Apr 4. 297 (13):1478-88. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Chen LX, Schumacher HR. Current trends in crystal identification. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006 Mar. 18 (2):171-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Dooley P, Martin R. Corticosteroid injections and arthrocentesis. Can Fam Physician. 2002 Feb. 48:285-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Margaretten ME, Kohlwes J, Moore D, Bent S. Does this adult patient have septic arthritis?. JAMA. 2007 Apr 4. 297 (13):1478-88. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. McGillicuddy DC, Shah KH, Friedberg RP, Nathanson LA, Edlow JA. How sensitive is the synovial fluid white blood cell count in diagnosing septic arthritis?. Am J Emerg Med. 2007 Sep. 25 (7):749-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Ungprasert P, Kaewpoowat Q, Ratapano S, Srivali N, Bischof EF Jr. Presence of crystals is not an evidence of absence of infection. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Feb. 31 (2):455.e1-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Gil Z Shlamovitz, MD, FACEP Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California; Chief Medical Information Officer, Keck Medicine of USC

Gil Z Shlamovitz, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Erik D Schraga, MD Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mills-Peninsula Emergency Medical Associates

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Lars Grimm with the literature review and referencing for this article.

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