Author
Bryant C Shannon, MD Resident Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital
Bryant C Shannon, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Emergency Medicine Residents' Association, Massachusetts College of Emergency Physicians, Society of Critical Care Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Coauthor(s)
David A Peak, MD Associate Residency Director of Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency; Attending Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital; Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School
David A Peak, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, American Medical Association
Disclosure: Partner received salary from Pfizer for employment.
Specialty Editor Board
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
Chief Editor
Gregory Sugalski, MD Associate Professor, Vice-Chair of Clinical Operations, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Associate Chief of Service, Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital
Gregory Sugalski, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, National Association of EMS Physicians, State Athletic Control Board, State of New Jersey
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Additional Contributors
Richard Lavely, MD, JD, MS, MPH Lecturer in Health Policy and Administration, Department of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine
Richard Lavely, MD, JD, MS, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Legal Medicine, American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Robert E O'Connor, MD, MPH Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System
Robert E O'Connor, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Heart Association, American Medical Association, National Association of EMS Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Thomas E Green, DO, MPH, CPE, MMM, FACEP, FACOEP Chief of Staff, VA Central Iowa Health Care System; Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine at Midwestern University; Attending Physician, Emergency Department, Broadlawns Medical Center
Thomas E Green, DO, MPH, CPE, MMM, FACEP, FACOEP is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Physician Leadership, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Healthcare Executives, National Association for Healthcare Quality
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Tyson Pillow, MD, to the development and writing of the source article.
