Laboratory Studies
Laboratory studies can include the following:
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Complete blood cell (CBC) count
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Prothrombin time (PT)/activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)/international normalized ratio (INR) - Mild envenomation INR greater than 2; complete defibrination INR greater than 12 [9]
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Fibrinogen - Severe envenomation associated with afibrinogenemia (<0.3 g/L)
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Fibrin degradation products
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D-dimer
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Electrolytes
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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
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Urinalysis
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Type and crossmatch for packed red blood cells (PRBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and platelets
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CSL commercial snake venom qualitative detection kit
Imaging Studies
Imaging studies may include chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) scan of the head if intracranial hemorrhage is suspected.
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Pseudonaja guttata (speckled brown snake).
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Pseudonaja textilis (eastern brown snake).
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Pseudonaja modesta (ringed brown snake).
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Pseudonaja nuchalis (western brown snake).