Microscopic Polyangiitis Questions & Answers

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2. Fries JF, Hunder GG, Bloch DA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis. Summary. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug. 33(8):1135-6. [Medline].

3. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, et al. Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference. Arthritis Rheum. 1994 Feb. 37(2):187-92. [Medline].

4. Lightfoot RW, Michel BA, Bloch DA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug. 33(8):1088-93. [Medline].

5. Jennette JC. Overview of the 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature of vasculitides. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2013 Oct. 17 (5):603-606. [Medline]. [Full Text].

6. Amezcua-Guerra LM, Prieto P, Bojalil R, Pineda C, Amigo MC. Microscopic polyangiitis associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: a causal or casual association?. J Rheumatol. 2006 Nov. 33(11):2351-3. [Medline].

7. Seligman VA, Bolton PB, Sanchez HC, Fye KH. Propylthiouracil-induced microscopic polyangiitis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2001 Jun. 7(3):170-4. [Medline].

8. Oh YJ, Ahn SS, Park ES, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, et al. Chest and renal involvements, Birmingham vascular activity score more than 13.5 and five factor score (1996) more than 1 at diagnosis are significant predictors of relapse of microscopic polyangiitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017 Jan 19. [Medline].

9. Robson J, Doll H, Suppiah R, Flossmann O, Harper L, Höglund P, et al. Glucocorticoid treatment and damage in the anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitides: long-term data from the European Vasculitis Study Group trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014 Sep 8. [Medline].

10. Hassan TM, Hassan AS, Igoe A, Logan M, Gunaratnam C, McElvaney NG, et al. Lung involvement at presentation predicts disease activity and permanent organ damage at 6, 12 and 24 months follow - up in ANCA - associated vasculitis. BMC Immunol. 2014 May 27. 15:20. [Medline]. [Full Text].

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12. Crickx E, Machelart I, Lazaro E, et al. Intravenous Immunoglobulin as an Immunomodulating Agent in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitides: A French Nationwide Study of Ninety-Two Patients. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Mar. 68 (3):702-12. [Medline].

13. Walsh M, et al; PEXIVAS Investigators. Plasma Exchange and Glucocorticoids in Severe ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 13. 382 (7):622-631. [Medline]. [Full Text].

14. [Guideline] Chung SA, Langford CA, Maz M, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Aug. 73 (8):1088-1105. [Medline]. [Full Text].

15. Springer JM, Kalot MA, Husainat NM, Byram KW, Dua AB, James KE, et al. Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis and Microscopic Polyangiitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Benefits and Harms of Common Treatments. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2021 Mar. 3 (3):196-205. [Medline]. [Full Text].

16. Faurschou M, Westman K, Rasmussen N, de Groot K, Flossmann O, Höglund P, et al. Brief Report: long-term outcome of a randomized clinical trial comparing methotrexate to cyclophosphamide for remission induction in early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Oct. 64 (10):3472-7. [Medline]. [Full Text].

17. Langford CA, Hoffman GS. Methotrexate remains a valuable option for remission induction of nonsevere antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: comment on the article by Faurschou et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Mar. 65 (3):843. [Medline]. [Full Text].

18. Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, et al. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 15. 363(3):221-32. [Medline]. [Full Text].

19. Jayne D, Rasmussen N, Andrassy K, et al. A randomized trial of maintenance therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 3. 349(1):36-44. [Medline].

20. Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Hamidou MA, Boffa JJ, Ruivard M, Ducroix JP, et al. Azathioprine or methotrexate maintenance for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Dec 25. 359 (26):2790-803. [Medline]. [Full Text].

21. Puéchal X, Pagnoux C, Perrodeau É, et al. Long-Term Outcomes Among Participants in the WEGENT Trial of Remission-Maintenance Therapy for Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's) or Microscopic Polyangiitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Mar. 68 (3):690-701. [Medline].

22. Specks U, Merkel PA, Seo P, Spiera R, Langford CA, Hoffman GS, et al. Efficacy of remission-induction regimens for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 1. 369(5):417-27. [Medline].

23. Terrier B et al; French Vasculitis Study Group. Long-term efficacy of remission-maintenance regimens for ANCA-associated vasculitides. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 May 3. [Medline].

24. Charles P et al; French Vasculitis Study Group. Comparison of individually tailored versus fixed-schedule rituximab regimen to maintain ANCA-associated vasculitis remission: results of a multicentre, randomised controlled, phase III trial (MAINRITSAN2). Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Apr 25. [Medline].

25. Merkel PA, Niles JL, Mertz LE, Lehane PB, Pordeli P, Erblang F. Long-Term Safety of Rituximab in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis and in Microscopic Polyangiitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Sep. 73 (9):1372-1378. [Medline].

26. Reinhold-Keller E, De Groot K, Rudert H, Nölle B, Heller M, Gross WL. Response to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in Wegener's granulomatosis depends on the phase of disease. QJM. 1996 Jan. 89(1):15-23. [Medline].

27. Stegeman CA, Tervaert JW, de Jong PE, Kallenberg CG. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) for the prevention of relapses of Wegener's granulomatosis. Dutch Co-Trimoxazole Wegener Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1996 Jul 4. 335(1):16-20. [Medline].

28. Langford CA, Talar-Williams C, Sneller MC. Mycophenolate mofetil for remission maintenance in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Apr 15. 51(2):278-83. [Medline].

29. Nowack R, Göbel U, Klooker P, Hergesell O, Andrassy K, van der Woude FJ. Mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance therapy of Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis: a pilot study in 11 patients with renal involvement. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Sep. 10(9):1965-71. [Medline].

30. Iatrou C, Zerbala S, Revela I, Spanou E, Marinaki S, Nakopoulou L, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy in patients with vasculitis and renal involvement. Clin Nephrol. 2009 Jul. 72(1):31-7. [Medline].

31. Haubitz M, Koch KM, Brunkhorst R. Cyclosporin for the prevention of disease reactivation in relapsing ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998 Aug. 13 (8):2074-6. [Medline].

32. Terrier B, Saadoun D, Sène D, Ghillani P, Amoura Z, Deray G, et al. Antimyeloperoxidase antibodies are a useful marker of disease activity in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Oct. 68(10):1564-71. [Medline].

33. Watanabe H et al, for Japan Research Committee of the Ministry of Health Labour,Welfare for Intractable Vasculitis (JPVAS) Research Committee of Intractable Renal Disease of the Ministry of Health Labour, Welfare of Japan. Association between reappearance of myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and relapse in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: Subgroup analysis of nationwide prospective cohort studies. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018 May 22. [Medline].

34. Suppiah R, Judge A, Batra R, Flossmann O, Harper L, Höglund P, et al. A model to predict cardiovascular events in patients with newly diagnosed wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Jan 14. [Medline].

35. Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Karras A, Khouatra C, Aumaître O, Cohen P, et al. Rituximab versus azathioprine for maintenance in ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 6. 371(19):1771-80. [Medline].

36. Falk RJ, Hogan S, Carey TS, Jennette JC. Clinical course of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated glomerulonephritis and systemic vasculitis. The Glomerular Disease Collaborative Network. Ann Intern Med. 1990 Nov 1. 113(9):656-63. [Medline].

37. Haubitz M, Koch KM, Brunkhorst R. Cyclosporin for the prevention of disease reactivation in relapsing ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998 Aug. 13(8):2074-6. [Medline].

38. Jayne D. Review article: Progress of treatment in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nephrology (Carlton). 2009 Feb. 14(1):42-8. [Medline].

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Mehran Farid-Moayer, MD Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Disorders Clinic, Stanford Medical Center

Mehran Farid-Moayer, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Spencer T Lowe, MD Rheumatologist, Private Practice, Peninsula Medical Group, Burlingame, CA

Spencer T Lowe, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Rheumatology, California Medical Association, International Society for Clinical Densitometry

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Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Elliot Goldberg, MD Dean of the Western Pennsylvania Clinical Campus, Professor, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University

Elliot Goldberg, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, American College of Rheumatology

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Vecihi Batuman, MD, FASN Huberwald Professor of Medicine, Section of Nephrology-Hypertension, Interim Chair, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine

Vecihi Batuman, MD, FASN is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Society of Hypertension, American Society of Nephrology, International Society of Nephrology, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation

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Bryan L Martin, DO Associate Dean for Graduate Medical Education, Designated Institutional Official, Associate Medical Director, Director, Allergy Immunology Program, Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine

Bryan L Martin, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, American College of Osteopathic Internists, American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, American Osteopathic Association

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