Overview
What is hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
What are the signs and symptoms of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
Which neurological conditions are associated with hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
How is hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) diagnosed?
How is hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) managed?
What is hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
What is the pathogenesis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
At what time of the year are hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics most likely to occur?
What are the risk factors for developing hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
How long does hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) normally last?
What are common complications of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
Is hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) more common in males or females?
Which age groups are most affected by hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
Presentation
What is the incubation period for hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
Which physical findings suggest hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
What are atypical physical findings of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
Which viruses cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
DDX
What are the differential diagnoses for Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease (HFMD)?
Workup
How is hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) diagnosed?
Treatment
What is the treatment for hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
Are there any treatment options for enterovirus-associated hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
Medications
What is the goal of pharmacotherapy for hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
Follow-up
What is the standard outpatient care for hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
When is hospitalization indicated in the treatment of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
What are possible complications of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
What is the prognosis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)?
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The lower lip has an ulcer with an erythematous halo.
Tables
Illness |
Etiologic Agent |
Usual Severity of Clinical Illness |
Appearance of Lesions |
Locations of Lesions |
Other Features |
HFMD |
Coxsackie-virus A16 (most common), A5, A7, A9, A10, B2, B5 Enterovirus 71 |
Mild |
Papules → Vesicles → ulcerations on an erythematous base Usually 2-6 mm |
Gingiva Buccal mucosa Tongue Pharynx |
Lesions may also be found on hands, feet, buttocks, and genitalia. Low-grade fever |
Herpangina |
Coxsackie-virus A1-A10, A16, A22 Echovirus 3, 6, 9, 16, 17, 25, 30 |
Moderate; can be severe |
Papules → Vesicles → ulcerations on an erythematous base Usually 2-4 mm |
Posterior oral cavity Tonsils, soft palate, uvula |
Temperature generally high |
Herpetic gingivostomatitis |
Herpes simplex virus-1 |
Moderate to severe |
Vesicles ulcerations |
Anterior oral cavity Lips, gingiva, buccal mucosa |
Temperature generally high Lymphadenopathy |
Aphthous stomatitis |
Unknown |
Mild to severe |
Ulcerations; larger than in viral enanthems |
Lips, tongue, buccal mucosa; generally not diffuse |
Afebrile May be recurrent |
Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
Immunologic |
Moderate to severe |
Coalescent vesicles, which then ulcerate |
Lips, gingiva, buccal mucosa, tongue, pharynx |
Targetlike cutaneous lesions Diffuse mucous membrane involvement |
