Overview
How prevalent is pediatric headache?
What is included in the clinical history of pediatric headache?
What are the types of pediatric migraine headache?
What the signs and symptoms of pediatric tension headache?
What the types of pediatric headache?
What is included in the physical exam to evaluate pediatric headache?
What is included in the workup of pediatric headache?
When are lab tests indicated in the workup of pediatric headache?
Which imaging studies are performed in the workup of pediatric headache?
Which types of therapies are used in the treatment of pediatric headache?
How are medications selected for the treatment of pediatric headache symptoms?
What are the nonpharmacologic treatments for pediatric headache?
What is included in abortive therapy for pediatric headache?
Which medications are used in prophylactic therapy for the treatment of pediatric headache?
Which therapies are used in the treatment of pediatric chronic daily headache (CDH)?
What are the variants of pediatric migraine?
What is pediatric migraine headache?
What is pediatric tension-type headache?
What is the IHS classification for pediatric headache?
What are the diagnostic criteria for pediatric migraine without aura?
What are the diagnostic criteria for pediatric migraine with aura?
What is the classification of pediatric headache by temporal pattern?
How does pediatric headache affect quality of life?
What causes pediatric headache?
What is the pathogenesis of pediatric migraine headache?
What is the role of genetics in the etiology of pediatric migraine headache?
What causes pediatric migrainelike headache?
What causes pediatric tension-type headache?
What is pediatric posttraumatic headache?
What causes pediatric sinus headache?
What causes benign intracranial hypertension in pediatric headache?
What are causes meningeal irritation in pediatric headache?
What is the prevalence of pediatric headache in the US?
How does the prevalence of pediatric headache vary by age?
Which age groups have the highest prevalence of pediatric migraine headache?
What are the racial predilections of pediatric headache?
What are the sexual predilections of pediatric headache?
What is the prognosis of pediatric headache?
What is the morbidity and mortality associated with pediatric headache?
What is included in patient education about pediatric headache?
Presentation
What is the focus of the clinical history to evaluate pediatric headache?
What is the temporal pattern classification of pediatric headache?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of acute pediatric headache?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of nonprogressive chronic pediatric headache?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of progressive chronic pediatric headache?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of pediatric migraine headache?
What are the precipitating factors in pediatric migraine headache?
What are the signs and symptoms of pediatric migraine with aura?
What are the signs and symptoms of complicated pediatric migraine headache?
What are the signs and symptoms of hemiplegic pediatric migraine headache?
What are the signs and symptoms of basilar pediatric migraine headache?
What are the signs and symptoms of acute confusional states in pediatric headache?
What is the migraine disability assessment score (MIDAS) for the evaluation of pediatric headache?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of tension-type pediatric headaches?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of pediatric cluster headaches?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of pediatric sinus headaches?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of head trauma-related pediatric headaches?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of intracranial mass-related pediatric headaches?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of meningeal irritation in pediatric headache?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of medication-overuse pediatric headaches?
What is included in the physical exam to evaluate pediatric headache?
Which physical findings are characteristic of head-trauma-caused pediatric headache?
Which physical findings are characteristic of intracranial masses in pediatric headache?
Which physical findings are characteristic of intracranial hypertension in pediatric headache?
Which physical findings are characteristic of seizures in pediatric headache?
Which physical findings are characteristic of meningeal irritation in pediatric headache?
DDX
Which conditions are included in the differential diagnoses of pediatric headache?
What are the differential diagnoses for Pediatric Headache?
Workup
How is pediatric headache diagnosed?
What is the role of lab tests in the workup of pediatric headache?
What is the role of lumbar puncture in the workup of pediatric headache?
What is the role of neuroimaging in the workup of pediatric headache?
What is the role of radiography in the workup of pediatric headache?
What is the role of CT scanning in the workup of pediatric headache?
Which CT findings are characteristic of structural lesions in pediatric headache?
Which CT findings are characteristic of intracranial hemorrhage in pediatric headache?
Which CT findings are characteristic of intracranial hypertension in pediatric headache?
Which CT findings are characteristic of pediatric sinus headache?
What is the role of MRI in the workup of pediatric headache?
Treatment
How is pediatric headache treated?
How are pediatric headache symptoms treated?
How are migraine and tension-type pediatric headaches treated?
What techniques are used to relieve stress in the treatment of pediatric headache?
What is the role of abortive therapy in the treatment of pediatric headache?
What is the role of sumatriptan (Imitrex) in the treatment of pediatric headache?
What is the efficacy of triptans for the treatment of pediatric headache?
What is the role of isometheptene (Midrin) and ergotamines in the treatment of pediatric headache?
What is the role of analgesics in the treatment of pediatric headache?
What is the role of prophylactic therapy in the treatment of pediatric headache?
What is the role of beta-blockers in the treatment of pediatric headache?
What is the role of tricyclic agents and cyproheptadine in the treatment of pediatric headache?
What is the role of anticonvulsants in the treatment of pediatric headache?
What is the role of calcium channel blockers in the treatment of pediatric headache?
How is pediatric chronic daily headache (CDH) treated?
How is sinusitis treated in pediatric headache?
How is intracranial hemorrhage treated in pediatric headache?
How is meningeal inflammation treated in pediatric headache?
What is included in the inpatient care for pediatric headache?
Which dietary modification are used in the treatment of treatment of pediatric headache?
Which specialist consultations are beneficial to patients with pediatric headache?
Medications
What is the role of medications in the treatment of pediatric headache?
Which medications are used for abortive treatment of pediatric migraine headache?
Which medications are used for prophylaxis in the treatment of pediatric migraine headache?
Which medications are sometimes used in the prevention of pediatric migraine headache?
Which medications in the drug class Corticosteroids are used in the treatment of Pediatric Headache?
Which medications in the drug class Antihistamines are used in the treatment of Pediatric Headache?
Which medications in the drug class Anticonvulsants are used in the treatment of Pediatric Headache?
Which medications in the drug class Beta-Blockers are used in the treatment of Pediatric Headache?
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Trigeminovascular system. The trigeminal nerve fibers around basal cerebral and meningeal vessels are triggered (various stimuli are possible), and a vicious cycle starts in which the nerve terminals release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P, vasoinhibitory peptide (VIP), and other mediators of local neurogenic inflammation and vasodilatation. The latter further stimulates the nerve endings. On the other end of the nerve, painful messages are transmitted toward central centers, including thalamus and cortex, and the sensation of pain arises. Modern drugs, such as the triptans, act at 3 levels, via 5-HT 1 B and D receptors; they vasoconstrict the vessels, reduce the release of the above-mentioned mediators, and decrease the central transmission of pain impulses.