Gooch CL, Pracht E, Borenstein AR. The burden of neurological disease in the United States: A summary report and call to action. Ann Neurol. 2017 Apr. 81 (4):479-484. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shamji MF, Jing L, Chen J, Hwang P, Ghodsizadeh O, Friedman AH, et al. Treatment of neuroinflammation by soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor Type II fused to a thermally responsive carrier. J Neurosurg Spine. 2008 Aug. 9 (2):221-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Battié MC, Videman T, Parent E. Lumbar disc degeneration: epidemiology and genetic influences. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Dec 1. 29 (23):2679-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zhang Y, Sun Z, Liu J, Guo X. Advances in susceptibility genetics of intervertebral degenerative disc disease. Int J Biol Sci. 2008 Sep 2. 4 (5):283-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Mixter WJ, Barr J. Rupture of the intervertebral disc with involvement of the spinal cord. N Engl J Med. 1934. 211:210-4.
White AA III, Panjabi MM. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1990.
Boos N, Weissbach S, Rohrbach H, Weiler C, Spratt KF, Nerlich AG. Classification of age-related changes in lumbar intervertebral discs: 2002 Volvo Award in basic science. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002 Dec 1. 27 (23):2631-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Roberts S, Evans H, Trivedi J, Menage J. Histology and pathology of the human intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Apr. 88 (suppl 2):10-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
SMITH JW, WALMSLEY R. Experimental incision of the intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1951 Nov. 33-B (4):612-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kirkaldy-Willis WH, Bernard TN Jr, eds. Managing Low Back Pain. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1999.
FRIEDENBERG ZB. The results of nonoperative treatment of ruptured lumbar disks. Surg Clin North Am. 1953 Dec. 33 (6):1545-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Weber H. Lumbar disc herniation. A prospective study of prognostic factors including a controlled trial. Part I. J Oslo City Hosp. 1978 Mar-Apr. 28 (3-4):33-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Weinstein JN, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, Skinner JS, Hanscom B, Tosteson AN, et al. Surgical vs nonoperative treatment for lumbar disk herniation: the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) observational cohort. JAMA. 2006 Nov 22. 296 (20):2451-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Strange DG, Fisher ST, Boughton PC, Kishen TJ, Diwan AD. Restoration of compressive loading properties of lumbar discs with a nucleus implant-a finite element analysis study. Spine J. 2010 Jul. 10 (7):602-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Weinstein JN, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, Tosteson AN, Blood EA, Abdu WA, et al. Surgical versus nonoperative treatment for lumbar disc herniation: four-year results for the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Dec 1. 33 (25):2789-800. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Meredith DS, Huang RC, Nguyen J, Lyman S. Obesity increases the risk of recurrent herniated nucleus pulposus after lumbar microdiscectomy. Spine J. 2010 Jul. 10 (7):575-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bartlett A, Wales L, Houfburg R, Durfee WK, Griffith SL, Bentley I. Optimizing the effectiveness of a mechanical suture-based anulus fibrosus repair construct in an acute failure laboratory simulation. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2013 Oct. 26 (7):393-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Maity A, Mondal BC, Saha D, Roy DS. A prospective randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial comparing epidural butorphanol plus corticosteroid with corticosteroid alone for sciatica due to herniated nucleus pulposus. Perspect Clin Res. 2012 Jan. 3 (1):16-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Barton JE, Haight RO, Marsland DW, Temple TE Jr. Low back pain in the primary care setting. J Fam Pract. 1976 Aug. 3 (4):363-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tomasino A, Gebhard H, Parikh K, Wess C, Härtl R. Bioabsorbable instrumentation for single-level cervical degenerative disc disease: a radiological and clinical outcome study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2009 Nov. 11 (5):529-37. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Buchowski JM, Anderson PA, Sekhon L, Riew KD. Cervical disc arthroplasty compared with arthrodesis for the treatment of myelopathy. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Oct 1. 91 Suppl 2:223-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Carragee EJ, Don AS, Hurwitz EL, Cuellar JM, Carrino JA, Herzog R. 2009 ISSLS Prize Winner: Does discography cause accelerated progression of degeneration changes in the lumbar disc: a ten-year matched cohort study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Oct 1. 34 (21):2338-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
McGirt MJ, Eustacchio S, Varga P, Vilendecic M, Trummer M, Gorensek M, et al. A prospective cohort study of close interval computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging after primary lumbar discectomy: factors associated with recurrent disc herniation and disc height loss. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Sep 1. 34 (19):2044-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Fish DE, Kobayashi HW, Chang TL, Pham Q. MRI prediction of therapeutic response to epidural steroid injection in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Mar. 88 (3):239-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hirsch JA, Singh V, Falco FJ, Benyamin RM, Manchikanti L. Automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy for the contained herniated lumbar disc: a systematic assessment of evidence. Pain Physician. 2009 May-Jun. 12 (3):601-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dasenbrock HH, Juraschek SP, Schultz LR, Witham TF, Sciubba DM, Wolinsky JP, et al. The efficacy of minimally invasive discectomy compared with open discectomy: a meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled trials. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012 May. 16 (5):452-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Yamaya S, Okada Y, Higashino K, Sakai T, Tezuka F, Yamashita K, et al. Early outcomes of transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for high school athletes with herniated nucleus pulposus of the lumbar spine. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2020 Nov. 29 (6):599-606. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Harada GK, Siyaji ZK, Mallow GM, Hornung AL, Hassan F, Basques BA, et al. Artificial intelligence predicts disk re-herniation following lumbar microdiscectomy: development of the "RAD" risk profile. Eur Spine J. 2021 Jun 7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Derby R, Fortin J, Kine G, Bogduk N. Clinical features of patients with pain stemming from the lumbar zygapophysial joints. Is the lumbar facet syndrome a clinical entity?. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994 May 15. 19 (10):1132-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Varlotta CG, Ge DH, Stekas N, Frangella NJ, Manning JH, Steinmetz L, et al. MRI Radiological Predictors of Requiring Microscopic Lumbar Discectomy After Lumbar Disc Herniation. Global Spine J. 2020 Feb. 10 (1):63-68. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Dillane JB, Fry J, Kalton G. Acute low back syndrome - a study from general practice. BMJ. 1966. ii:82-4.
Sinclair SM, Shamji MF, Chen J, Jing L, Richardson WJ, Brown CR, et al. Attenuation of inflammatory events in human intervertebral disc cells with a tumor necrosis factor antagonist. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Jul 1. 36 (15):1190-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Kominski GF, Yu F, Chiang LM. A randomized trial of chiropractic and medical care for patients with low back pain: eighteen-month follow-up outcomes from the UCLA low back pain study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Mar 15. 31 (6):611-21; discussion 622. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Conn A, Buenaventura RM, Datta S, Abdi S, Diwan S. Systematic review of caudal epidural injections in the management of chronic low back pain. Pain Physician. 2009 Jan-Feb. 12 (1):109-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Parr AT, Diwan S, Abdi S. Lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in managing chronic low back and lower extremity pain: a systematic review. Pain Physician. 2009 Jan-Feb. 12 (1):163-88. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Oxland TR, Crisco JJ 3rd, Panjabi MM, Yamamoto I. The effect of injury on rotational coupling at the lumbosacral joint. A biomechanical investigation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1992 Jan. 17 (1):74-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Garringer SM, Sasso RC. Safety of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion performed as outpatient surgery. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2010 Oct. 23 (7):439-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Patel DV, Yoo JS, Karmarkar SS, Lamoutte EH, Singh K. Minimally invasive lumbar decompression in an ambulatory surgery center. J Spine Surg. 2019 Sep. 5 (Suppl 2):S166-S173. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Benoist M, Bonneville JF, Lassale B, Runge M, Gillard C, Vazquez-Suarez J, et al. A randomized, double-blind study to compare low-dose with standard-dose chymopapain in the treatment of herniated lumbar intervertebral discs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993 Jan. 18 (1):28-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sairyo K, Sakai T, Higashino K, Inoue M, Yasui N, Dezawa A. Complications of endoscopic lumbar decompression surgery. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 2010 Aug. 53 (4):175-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kepler CK, Brodt ED, Dettori JR, Albert TJ. Cervical artificial disc replacement versus fusion in the cervical spine: a systematic review comparing multilevel versus single-level surgery. Evid Based Spine Care J. 2012 Feb. 3 (S1):19-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].