Bailey P, Cushing H. A common type of midcerebellar glioma of childhood. Arch Neurol Psychiatr. 1925. 14:192-224.
Khanna V, Achey RL, Ostrom QT, Block-Beach H, Kruchko C et al. Incidence and survival trends for medulloblastomas in the United States from 2001 to 2013. J Neurooncol. 2017 Aug 21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, von Deimling A, Figarella-Branger D et al. The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Acta Neuropathol. 2016 Jun. 131 (6):803-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Xu J, Kromer C, Wolinsky Y, Kruchko C et al. CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2009-2013. Neuro Oncol. 2016 Oct 1. 18 (suppl_5):v1-v75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kool M1, Korshunov A, Pfister SM. Update on molecular and genetic alterations in adult medulloblastoma. Sep 5,2012. [Full Text].
DeSouza RM, Jones BR, Lowis SP, Kurian KM. Pediatric medulloblastoma - update on molecular classification driving targeted therapies. Front Oncol. 2014. 4:176. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Robertson PL, Muraszko KM, Holmes EJ, Sposto R, Packer RJ, Gajjar A et al. Incidence and severity of postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome in children with medulloblastoma: a prospective study by the Children's Oncology Group. J Neurosurg. 2006 Dec. 105 (6 Suppl):444-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Srinivasan VM, Ghali MG, North RY, Boghani Z, Hansen D, Lam S. Modern management of medulloblastoma: Molecular classification, outcomes, and the role of surgery. Surg Neurol Int. 2016. 7 (Suppl 44):S1135-S1141. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lanier JC, Abrams AN. Posterior fossa syndrome: Review of the behavioral and emotional aspects in pediatric cancer patients. Cancer. 2017 Feb 15. 123 (4):551-559. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Yap JL, Wachtel LE, Ahn ES, Sanz JH, Slomine BS, Pidcock FS. Treatment of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome with aripiprazole. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2012. 5 (3):233-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Perreault S, Ramaswamy V, Achrol AS, Chao K, Liu TT, Shih D, et al. MRI surrogates for molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014 Jul. 35 (7):1263-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zitouni S, Koc G, Doganay S, Saracoglu S, Gumus KZ, Ciraci S et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiation of pediatric posterior fossa tumors. Jpn J Radiol. 2017 Aug. 35 (8):448-453. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Pierce TT, Provenzale JM. Evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient thresholds for diagnosis of medulloblastoma using diffusion-weighted imaging. Neuroradiol J. 2014 Feb. 27 (1):63-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Keil VC, Warmuth-Metz M, Reh C, Enkirch SJ, Reinert C, Beier D et al. Imaging Biomarkers for Adult Medulloblastomas: Genetic Entities May Be Identified by Their MR Imaging Radiophenotype. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 Oct. 38 (10):1892-1898. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Phoenix TN, Patmore DM, Boop S, Boulos N, Jacus MO, Patel YT et al. Medulloblastoma Genotype Dictates Blood Brain Barrier Phenotype. Cancer Cell. 2016 Apr 11. 29 (4):508-522. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sengupta S, Pomeranz Krummel D, Pomeroy S. The evolution of medulloblastoma therapy to personalized medicine. F1000Res. 2017. 6:490. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Robinson G, Parker M, Kranenburg TA, Lu C, Chen X, Ding L et al. Novel mutations target distinct subgroups of medulloblastoma. Nature. 2012 Aug 2. 488 (7409):43-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Remke M, Ramaswamy V, Peacock J, Shih DJ, Koelsche C et al. TERT promoter mutations are highly recurrent in SHH subgroup medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathol. 2013 Dec. 126 (6):917-29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Chiang JC, Ellison DW. Molecular pathology of paediatric central nervous system tumours. J Pathol. 2017 Jan. 241 (2):159-172. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zhukova N, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Pfaff E, Shih DJ, Martin DC et al. Subgroup-specific prognostic implications of TP53 mutation in medulloblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Aug 10. 31 (23):2927-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kool M, Jones DT, Jäger N, Northcott PA, Pugh TJ, Hovestadt V et al. Genome sequencing of SHH medulloblastoma predicts genotype-related response to smoothened inhibition. Cancer Cell. 2014 Mar 17. 25 (3):393-405. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Giordana MT, Schiffer P, Schiffer D. Prognostic factors in medulloblastoma. Childs Nerv Syst. 1998 Jun. 14(6):256-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kahn M. Can we safely target the WNT pathway?. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014 Jul. 13 (7):513-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shih DJ, Northcott PA, Remke M, Korshunov A, Ramaswamy V et al. Cytogenetic prognostication within medulloblastoma subgroups. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Mar 20. 32 (9):886-96. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kiltie AE, Lashford LS, Gattamaneni HR. Survival and late effects in medulloblastoma patients treated with craniospinal irradiation under three years old. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1997 May. 28(5):348-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cho YJ, Tsherniak A, Tamayo P, Santagata S, Ligon A, Greulich H et al. Integrative genomic analysis of medulloblastoma identifies a molecular subgroup that drives poor clinical outcome. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Apr 10. 29 (11):1424-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Northcott PA, Shih DJ, Peacock J, Garzia L, Morrissy AS, Zichner T et al. Subgroup-specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes. Nature. 2012 Aug 2. 488 (7409):49-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lin CY, Erkek S, Tong Y, Yin L, Federation AJ, Zapatka M, et al. Active medulloblastoma enhancers reveal subgroup-specific cellular origins. Nature. 2016 Feb 4. 530 (7588):57-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Schneider C, Ramaswamy V, Kulkarni AV, Rutka JT, Remke M, Tabori U et al. Clinical implications of medulloblastoma subgroups: incidence of CSF diversion surgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015 Mar. 15 (3):236-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rorke LB. The cerebellar medulloblastoma and its relationship to primitive neuroectodermal tumors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1983 Jan. 42(1):1-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Weitman DM, Cogen PH. Contemporary management of medulloblastoma. Contemporary Neurosurgery. 1998. 20(2):1-8.
Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C Jr. An operative staging system and a megavoltage radiotherapeutic technic for cerebellar medulloblastomas. Radiology. 1969 Dec. 93 (6):1351-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Bouffet E, Bailey S, Clifford SC, Doz F et al. Risk stratification of childhood medulloblastoma in the molecular era: the current consensus. Acta Neuropathol. 2016 Jun. 131 (6):821-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zeltzer PM, Boyett JM, Finlay JL, Albright AL, Rorke LB, Milstein JM, et al. Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: conclusions from the Children's Cancer Group 921 randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Mar. 17(3):832-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rieken S, Mohr A, Habermehl D, Welzel T, Lindel K, Witt O, et al. Outcome and prognostic factors of radiation therapy for medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Nov 1. 81(3):e7-e13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rieken S, Gaiser T, Mohr A, Welzel T, Witt O, Kulozik AE, et al. Outcome and prognostic factors of desmoplastic medulloblastoma treated within a multidisciplinary treatment concept. BMC Cancer. 2010 Aug 23. 10:450. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Yock TI, Yeap BY, Ebb DH, Weyman E, Eaton BR, Sherry NA, et al. Long-term toxic effects of proton radiotherapy for paediatric medulloblastoma: a phase 2 single-arm study. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Mar. 17 (3):287-98. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gupta T, Jalali R, Goswami S, Nair V, Moiyadi A, Epari S, et al. Early Clinical Outcomes Demonstrate Preserved Cognitive Function in Children with Average-Risk Medulloblastoma When Treated with Hyperfractionated Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012 Feb 16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Haddy N, Mousannif A, Tukenova M, et al. Relationship between the brain radiation dose for the treatment of childhood cancer and the risk of long-term cerebrovascular mortality. Brain. 2011 May. 134:1362-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Robinson GW, Orr BA, Wu G, Gururangan S, Lin T, Qaddoumi I et al. Vismodegib Exerts Targeted Efficacy Against Recurrent Sonic Hedgehog-Subgroup Medulloblastoma: Results From Phase II Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Studies PBTC-025B and PBTC-032. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug 20. 33 (24):2646-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Martin AM, Raabe E, Eberhart C, Cohen KJ. Management of Pediatric and Adult Patients with Medulloblastoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2014 Sep 7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Adamski J, Ramaswamy V, Huang A, Bouffet E. Advances in managing medulloblastoma and intracranial primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors. F1000Prime Rep. 2014. 6:56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kool M, Jones DT, Jäger N, Northcott PA, Pugh TJ, Hovestadt V et al. Genome sequencing of SHH medulloblastoma predicts genotype-related response to smoothened inhibition. Cancer Cell. 2014 Mar 17. 25 (3):393-405. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kool M, Korshunov A, Remke M, Jones DT, Schlanstein M, Northcott PA et al. Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: an international meta-analysis of transcriptome, genetic aberrations, and clinical data of WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4 medulloblastomas. Acta Neuropathol. 2012 Apr. 123 (4):473-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Salaroli R, Ronchi A, Buttarelli FR, Cortesi F, Marchese V, Bella ED, et al. Wnt activation affects proliferation, invasiveness and radiosensitivity in medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol. 2014 Sep 28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bode U, Zimmermann M, Moser O, Rutkowski S, Warmuth-Metz M, Pietsch T, et al. Treatment of recurrent primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) in children and adolescents with high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and stem cell support: results of the HITREZ 97 multicentre trial. J Neurooncol. 2014 Sep 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Yamada A, Moritake H, Kamimura S, Yamashita S, Takeshima H, Nunoi H. Proposed strategy for the use of high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue and intrathecal topotecan without whole-brain irradiation for infantile classic medulloblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014 Aug 30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Albright AL, Wisoff JH, Zeltzer PM, Boyett JM, Rorke LB, Stanley P. Effects of medulloblastoma resections on outcome in children: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Neurosurgery. 1996 Feb. 38(2):265-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Allen JC, Epstein F. Medulloblastoma and other primary malignant neuroectodermal tumors of the CNS. The effect of patients' age and extent of disease on prognosis. J Neurosurg. 1982 Oct. 57(4):446-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ater JL, van Eys J, Woo SY, et al. MOPP chemotherapy without irradiation as primary postsurgical therapy for brain tumors in infants and young children. J Neurooncol. 1997 May. 32(3):243-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bailey CC, Gnekow A, Wellek S, et al. Prospective randomised trial of chemotherapy given before radiotherapy in childhood medulloblastoma. International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) and the (German) Society of Paediatric Oncology (GPO): SIOP II. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1995 Sep. 25(3):166-78. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Balter-Seri J, Mor C, Shuper A, et al. Cure of recurrent medulloblastoma: the contribution of surgical resection at relapse. Cancer. 1997 Mar 15. 79(6):1241-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Blaser SI, Harwood-Nash DC. Neuroradiology of pediatric posterior fossa medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol. 1996 Jul. 29(1):23-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Carrie C, Muracciole X, Gomez F, et al. Conformal radiotherapy, reduced boost volume, hyperfractionated radiotherapy, and online quality control in standard-risk medulloblastoma without chemotherapy: results of the French M-SFOP 98 protocol. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Nov 1. 63(3):711-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. An operative staging system and a megavoltage radiotherapeutic technic for cerebellar medulloblastomas. Radiology. 1969 Dec. 93(6):1351-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cohen BH, Packer RJ. Chemotherapy for medulloblastomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors. J Neurooncol. 1996 Jul. 29(1):55-68. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dennis M, Spiegler BJ, Hetherington CR, et al. Neuropsychological sequelae of the treatment of children with medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol. 1996 Jul. 29(1):91-101. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dufour C1, Kieffer V, Varlet P, Raquin MA, Dhermain F, Puget S, et al. Tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue in children with newly diagnosed high-risk medulloblastoma or supratentorial primitive neuro-ectodermic tumors. [Full Text].
Dunkel IJ, Boyett JM, Yates A, Rosenblum M, Garvin JH Jr, Bostrom BC, et al. High-dose carboplatin, thiotepa, and etoposide with autologous stem-cell rescue for patients with recurrent medulloblastoma. Children's Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Jan. 16(1):222-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Friedberg MH, David O, Adelman LS. Recurrence of medulloblastoma: violation of Collins' law after two decades. Surg Neurol. 1997 Jun. 47(6):571-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Giordana MT, Cavalla P, Dutto A, et al. Is medulloblastoma the same tumor in children and adults?. J Neurooncol. 1997 Nov. 35(2):169-76. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Giordana MT, Migheli A, Pavanelli E. Isochromosome 17q is a constant finding in medulloblastoma. An interphase cytogenetic study on tissue sections. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1998 Jun. 24(3):233-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Giralt J, Sánchez de Toledo J, Moraga F, et al. Improving survival of medulloblastoma: results in two groups of patients. Oncology. 1996 Jan-Feb. 53(1):38-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hutzen B, Bid HK, Houghton PJ, Pierson CR, Powell K, Bratasz A, et al. Treatment of medulloblastoma with oncolytic measles viruses expressing the angiogenesis inhibitors endostatin and angiostatin. March,19,2014. [Full Text].
Hye Sook Min,* Ji Yeoun Lee,† Seung-Ki Kim,† and Sung-Hye Park*‡. Genetic Grouping of Medulloblastomas by Representative Markers in Pathologic Diagnosis1. [Full Text].
Jenkin D. The radiation treatment of medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol. 1996 Jul. 29(1):45-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Miralbell R, Bieri S, Huguenin P, et al. Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology in pediatric medulloblastoma. Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group. Ann Oncol. 1999 Feb. 10(2):239-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Parsons DW1, Li M, Zhang X, Jones S, Leary RJ, Lin JC, et al. The genetic landscape of the childhood cancer medulloblastoma. [Full Text].
Pollack IF, Polinko P, Albright AL, et al. Mutism and pseudobulbar symptoms after resection of posterior fossa tumors in children: incidence and pathophysiology. Neurosurgery. 1995 Nov. 37(5):885-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rajurkar M1, Huang H, Cotton JL, Brooks JK, Sicklick J, McMahon AP, et al. Distinct cellular origin and genetic requirement of Hedgehog-Gli in postnatal rhabdomyosarcoma genesis. [Full Text].
Rossi A, Caracciolo V, Russo G, Reiss K, Giordano A. Medulloblastoma: from molecular pathology to therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Feb 15. 14(4):971-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rutka JT, Hoffman HJ. Medulloblastoma: a historical perspective and overview. J Neurooncol. 1996 Jul. 29(1):1-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Saran FH, Driever PH, Thilmann C, et al. Survival of very young children with medulloblastoma (primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the posterior fossa) treated with craniospinal irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998 Dec 1. 42(5):959-67. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Schmandt S, Kuhl J. Chemotherapy as prophylaxis and treatment of meningosis in children less than 3 years of age with medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol. 1998 Jun-Jul. 38(2-3):187-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sure U, Berghorn WJ, Bertalanffy H. Collins' law. Prediction of recurrence or cure in childhood medulloblastoma?. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1997 May. 99(2):113-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sutton LN, Phillips PC, Molloy PT. Surgical management of medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol. 1996 Jul. 29(1):9-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tomita T. Medulloblastomas. Youmans JR, ed. Neurolgical Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1996. Vol 4: 2570-92.
Weil MD, Lamborn K, Edwards MS, Wara WM. Influence of a child's sex on medulloblastoma outcome. JAMA. 1998 May 13. 279(18):1474-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Whelan HT, Krouwer HG, Schmidt MH, et al. Current therapy and new perspectives in the treatment of medulloblastoma. Pediatr Neurol. 1998 Feb. 18(2):103-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Whittier KL1, Boese EA, Gibson-Corley KN, Kirby PA, Darbro BW, Qian Q, et al. G-protein coupled receptor expression patterns delineate medulloblastoma subgroups. Oct,10,2013. [Full Text].
Yang SY, Wang KC, Cho BK, et al. Radiation-induced cerebellar glioblastoma at the site of a treated medulloblastoma: case report. J Neurosurg. 2005 May. 102(4 Suppl):417-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gajjar AJ, Robinson GW. Medulloblastoma-translating discoveries from the bench to the bedside. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2014 Dec. 11 (12):714-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gururangan S, Robinson G, Ellison DW, Wu G, He X, Lu QR et al. Gorlin syndrome and desmoplastic medulloblastoma: Report of 3 cases with unfavorable clinical course and novel mutations. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Oct. 62 (10):1855-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Phoenix TN, Patmore DM, Boop S, Boulos N, Jacus MO, Patel YT et al. Medulloblastoma Genotype Dictates Blood Brain Barrier Phenotype. Cancer Cell. 2016 Apr 11. 29 (4):508-522. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zhukova N, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Pfaff E, Shih DJ, Martin DC et al. Subgroup-specific prognostic implications of TP53 mutation in medulloblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Aug 10. 31 (23):2927-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Bouffet E, Faria CC, Perreault S, Cho YJ et al. Recurrence patterns across medulloblastoma subgroups: an integrated clinical and molecular analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Nov. 14 (12):1200-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Northcott PA, Jones DT, Kool M, Robinson GW, Gilbertson RJ et al. Medulloblastomics: the end of the beginning. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Dec. 12 (12):818-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].