Torticollis Questions & Answers

1. Macias C, Gan V. Congenital torticollis in children [database online]. Waltham, Mass: UpToDate; 2007.

2. Tindall GT, Cooper PR. Spasmodic torticollis. Tindall GT,. Cooper PR, Barrow DL, eds. Practice of Neurosurgery. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1996. Vol 3: 2636, 2807, 2969, 3236-7.

3. Wilkins RH, Rengachary SS. Spasmodic torticollis. Wilkins RH, Rengachary SS, eds. Neurosurgery. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1996. 4159-61.

4. Jankovic J, Leder S, Warner D, Schwartz K. Cervical dystonia: clinical findings and associated movement disorders. Neurology. 1991 Jul. 41(7):1088-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Chan J, Brin MF, Fahn S. Idiopathic cervical dystonia: clinical characteristics. Mov Disord. 1991. 6(2):119-26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Campana BA, Rosen P. Soft tissue spine injuries and back pain. Rosen P, Barkin R, eds. Emergency Medicine. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1998. 881.

7. Canale ST. Congenital muscular torticollis. Canale ST, Daugherty K, Jones L eds. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 9th ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book; 1998. 1064-7.

8. Chang A, Rosen P. Torticollis. Rosen P, Barkin RM, Hayden SR, Schaider JJ, Wolfe R, eds. The 5 Minute Emergency Medicine Consult. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1999. 1138-9.

9. Harrigan RA, Brady WJ, Tintinalli JE. Antipsychotics/adverse effects. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2000. 1086.

10. Jones ET, Mayer P, Weinstein S. The neck/torticollis. Weinstein SL, Buckwalter JA, Turek SL, eds. Turek's Orthopaedics: Principles and Their Application. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1994. 341-5.

11. Li Sergio, Harwood-Nuss AL. Torticollis. Harwood-Nuss Al, Linden CH, eds. Harwood-Nuss' The Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1996. 1170-1.

12. Robin NH. Congenital muscular torticollis. Pediatr Rev. 1996 Oct. 17(10):374-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Stevens P, Downey C, Boyd V, Cole P, Stal S, Edmond J, et al. Deformational plagiocephaly associated with ocular torticollis: a clinical study and literature review. J Craniofac Surg. 2007 Mar. 18(2):399-405. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Schertz M, Zuk L, Zin S, Nadam L, Schwartz D, Bienkowski RS. Motor and cognitive development at one-year follow-up in infants with torticollis. Early Hum Dev. 2008 Jan. 84(1):9-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Snyder EM, Coley BD. Limited value of plain radiographs in infant torticollis. Pediatrics. 2006 Dec. 118(6):e1779-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Herman MJ. Torticollis in infants and children: common and unusual causes. Instr Course Lect. 2006. 55:647-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Oleszek JL, Chang N, Apkon SD, Wilson PE. Botulinum toxin type a in the treatment of children with congenital muscular torticollis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Oct. 84(10):813-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Minihane KP, Grayhack JJ, Simmons TD, Seshadri R, Wysocki RW, Sarwark JF. Developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants with congenital muscular torticollis. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2008 Sep. 37(9):E155-8; discussion E158. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. von Heideken J, Green DW, Burke SW, et al. The relationship between developmental dysplasia of the hip and congenital muscular torticollis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006 Nov-Dec. 26(6):805-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Sobolewski BA, Mittiga MR, Reed JL. Atlantoaxial rotary subluxation after minor trauma. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008 Dec. 24(12):852-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Naumann M, Pirker W, Reiners K, et al. Imaging the pre- and postsynaptic side of striatal dopaminergic synapses in idiopathic cervical dystonia: a SPECT study using [123I] epidepride and [123I] beta-CIT. Mov Disord. 1998 Mar. 13(2):319-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Horstink CA, Booij J, Berger HJC. Striatal D2 receptor loss in writer's cramp. Mov Disord. 1996. 11:P784.

23. Perlmutter JS, Stambuk M, Markham J. Quantified binding of [F18]spiperone in focal dystonia. Mov Disord. 1996. 11:P819.

24. Cummings JL. D-3 receptor agonists: combined action neurologic and neuropsychiatric agents. J Neurol Sci. 1999 Feb 1. 163(1):2-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Hasegawa J, Tateda M, Hidaka H, et al. Retropharyngeal abscess complicated with torticollis: case report and review of the literature. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2007 Sep. 213(1):99-104. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Harries PG. Retropharyngeal abscess and acute torticollis. J Laryngol Otol. 1997 Dec. 111(12):1183-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Sanuki T, Isshiki N. Outcomes of type II thyroplasty for adductor spasmodic dysphonia: analysis of revision and unsatisfactory cases. Acta Otolaryngol. 2009 Nov. 129(11):1287-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Salvia P, Champagne O, Feipel V, Rooze M, de Beyl DZ. Clinical and goniometric evaluation of patients with spasmodic torticollis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2006 May. 21(4):323-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Consky EA, Lang AE. Clinical assessments of patients with cervical dystonia. Jankovic J, Hallett M, eds. Therapy with Botulinum Toxin. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1994: 211-237.

30. Jankovic J, Tsui J, Bergeron C. Prevalence of cervical dystonia and spasmodic torticollis in the United States general population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2007 Oct. 13(7):411-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Jahanshahi M, Marion MH, Marsden CD. Natural history of adult-onset idiopathic torticollis. Arch Neurol. 1990 May. 47(5):548-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Comella CL, Tanner CM, DeFoor-Hill L, Smith C. Dysphagia after botulinum toxin injections for spasmodic torticollis: clinical and radiologic findings. Neurology. 1992 Jul. 42(7):1307-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Jankovic J. Can peripheral trauma induce dystonia and other movement disorders? Yes!. Mov Disord. 2001 Jan. 16(1):7-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Lew MF, Chinnapongse R, Zhang Y, Corliss M. RimabotulinumtoxinB effects on pain associated with cervical dystonia: results of placebo and comparator-controlled studies. Int J Neurosci. 2010 Apr. 120(4):298-300. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Truong D, Brodsky M, Lew M, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) in cervical dystonia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010 Jun. 16(5):316-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Quagliato EM, Carelli EF, Viana MA. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of type a botulinum toxins botox and prosigne in the treatment of cervical dystonia. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2010 Jan-Feb. 33(1):22-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Kim MY, Kwon DR, Lee HI. Therapeutic effect of microcurrent therapy in infants with congenital muscular torticollis. PM R. 2009 Aug. 1(8):736-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Petronic I, Brdar R, Cirovic D, et al. Congenital muscular torticollis in children: distribution, treatment duration and outcome. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. Dec 15 2009. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Perlmutter JS, Mink JW. Deep brain stimulation. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2006. 29:229-57. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Ferkel RD, Westin GW, Dawson EG, Oppenheim WL. Muscular torticollis. A modified surgical approach. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983 Sep. 65(7):894-900. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Bertrand C, Molina-Negro P, Bouvier G, Gorczyca W. Observations and analysis of results in 131 cases of spasmodic torticollis after selective denervation. Appl Neurophysiol. 1987. 50(1-6):319-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Bertrand CM, Molina-Negro P. Selective peripheral denervation in 111 cases of spasmodic torticollis: rationale and results. Adv Neurol. 1988. 50:637-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Bertrand CM. Selective peripheral denervation for spasmodic torticollis: surgical technique, results, and observations in 260 cases. Surg Neurol. 1993 Aug. 40(2):96-103. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Michael C Kruer, MD Director, Neurogenetics and Pediatric Movement Disorders Programs, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital; Associate Professor, Departments of Child Health and Neurology, Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine in Phoenix

Michael C Kruer, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Neurological Association, American Physician Scientists Association, American Society for Cell Biology, American Society of Human Genetics, Child Neurology Society, International Child Neurology Association, Mitochondrial Medicine Society, Movement Disorder Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Norman C Reynolds, Jr, MD Neurologist, Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Milwaukee; Clinical Professor, Medical College of Wisconsin

Norman C Reynolds, Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, Association of Military Surgeons of the US, International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society, Society for Neuroscience

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jianxin Ma, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, State University of New York Upstate Medical University

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Selim R Benbadis, MD Professor, Director of Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine

Selim R Benbadis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, American Epilepsy Society, American Medical Association

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Aquestive, Bioserenity, Ceribell, Eisai, Jazz, LivaNova, Neurelis, Neuropace, Nexus, SK life science, Stratus, Sunovion, UCB<br/>Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Aquestive, Bioserenity, Ceribell, Eisai, Jazz, LivaNova, Neurelis, Neuropace, Nexus, SK life science, Stratus, Sunovion, UCB<br/>Received research grant from: Cerevel, LivaNova, Greenwich (Jazz), SK biopharmaceuticals, Takeda, Xenon.

Nestor Galvez-Jimenez, MD, MSc, MHA Chairman, Department of Neurology, Program Director, Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Division of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Florida

Nestor Galvez-Jimenez, MD, MSc, MHA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American College of Physicians, and Movement Disorders Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Stephen T Gancher, MD Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health Sciences University

Stephen T Gancher, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Neurological Association, and Movement Disorders Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Harris Gellman, MD Consulting Surgeon, Broward Hand Center; Voluntary Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine

Harris Gellman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Medical Acupuncture, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Association, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, and Arkansas Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Carl R Menckhoff, MD, FACEP, FAAEM Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia

Carl R Menckhoff, MD, FACEP, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine and American College of Emergency Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Gurdeep S Othee, MD Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia

Gurdeep S Othee, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine and American College of Emergency Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lorenzo L Pacelli, MD Consulting Surgeon, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Upper Extremity Surgery, Scripps Clinic

Lorenzo L Pacelli, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Joseph E Sheppard, MD Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, Chief of Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, University Physicians Healthcare

Joseph E Sheppard, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, and Orthopaedics Overseas

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Michael Yaszemski, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Bioengineering, Mayo Foundation, Mayo Medical School

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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